How do endospores contribute to bacterial survival?

Endospores are highly resilient structures formed by certain bacteria, allowing them to survive in extreme environmental conditions. The key functional advantage of endospores is their ability to endure hardships such as high temperatures, desiccation, UV radiation, and chemical exposure. When environmental conditions are unfavorable for growth, bacteria can initiate the process of sporulation, resulting in the formation of endospores. These spores can remain dormant and viable for extended periods, sometimes even years, until they encounter more favorable conditions that trigger germination and the resumption of normal cellular functions. This remarkable adaptation strategy is crucial for the survival of bacterial species in habitats that are otherwise inhospitable, contributing significantly to their longevity and ecological persistence.