How does innate immunity differ from adaptive immunity?

Innate immunity is indeed present at birth and serves as the body's first line of defense against pathogens. It includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as various immune cells that respond quickly to invaders. This form of immunity responds to a wide range of pathogens in a non-specific manner, meaning that it does not distinguish between different types of pathogens.

In contrast, adaptive immunity develops over time, specifically after exposure to pathogens. This part of the immune system is characterized by its ability to recognize and remember specific antigens. When the body is exposed to a particular pathogen, the adaptive immune system creates a targeted response that can provide long-lasting protection, typically through mechanisms such as the formation of memory cells.

The distinction between innate and adaptive immunity lies in their development and function: innate immunity is pre-existing and non-specific, while adaptive immunity is acquired through exposure to specific pathogens and provides a more tailored response to those pathogens.