What is one of the key roles of the microbiome in human health?

One of the key roles of the microbiome in human health is facilitating digestion. The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a complex community of microorganisms that play a critical role in breaking down food components that the human body cannot digest on its own. For instance, certain bacteria are involved in the fermentation of dietary fibers, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that provide energy to cells in the intestine and have various beneficial effects on metabolic health, inflammation, and immunity.

Additionally, the microbiome aids in the synthesis of certain vitamins, such as vitamin K and some B vitamins, which are essential for normal bodily functions. These contributions highlight the microbiome's importance not only in the digestive process, but also in overall health and well-being.