What is the primary function of the bacterial cell wall?

The bacterial cell wall serves the vital role of providing structural support and protection to the cell. It is primarily composed of peptidoglycan, which creates a rigid but flexible layer that maintains the shape of the bacterium and prevents lysis in hypotonic environments, where the osmotic pressure could otherwise cause the cell to burst. The strength of the cell wall is essential for bacterial survival, especially in varied environmental conditions.

Additionally, the cell wall acts as a protective barrier against certain antibiotics and contributes to the bacterium's ability to interact with its environment—including evasion from the host immune system. This structural integrity is crucial for the overall functionality and viability of bacterial cells, making this option the most accurate response regarding the primary function of the bacterial cell wall.