What role do T-helper cells play in the immune response?

T-helper cells, also known as CD4+ T cells, are crucial players in the adaptive immune response. Their primary function is to assist other cells in the immune system rather than directly engaging in the elimination of pathogens. They achieve this by providing necessary signals, often in the form of cytokines, that activate both B cells and cytotoxic T cells.

When T-helper cells recognize antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), they become activated and release cytokines that stimulate B cells to proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells, which then produce antibodies. Furthermore, T-helper cells enhance the activity of cytotoxic T cells, enabling them to effectively identify and kill infected or malignant cells.

This assisting role is vital for a robust immune response, ensuring that both humoral (antibody-mediated) and cell-mediated immunity are effectively launched against invading pathogens.